U.S. NAVY — MEDICAL CORPS — RESTRICTED
CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY — HISTORICAL REVIEW DIVISION
THE DULLES MEMO: A Novel (continued)
MANUSCRIPT SEIZED 1978 / STATUS: UNPUBLISHED
EXHIBIT D
The Procedure
BETHESDA NAVAL HOSPITAL, MARYLAND — 22 NOVEMBER 1963

The body arrived at 7:35 PM. It had been removed from Parkland Memorial Hospital in Dallas over the violent objections of the Dallas County Medical Examiner, who had legal jurisdiction over the case. Secret Service agents had drawn weapons. A Texas homicide had become a federal matter by force.

The question that no one asked, then or later: why was the autopsy being performed at a military hospital, by military doctors, under military supervision?

The question that should have been asked: who gave that order, and what were they trying to control?

• • •
7:35 PM EST — MORGUE ARRIVAL

The bronze casket was carried down the corridor by a Navy honor guard. The morgue at Bethesda was not designed for this—not designed for the cameras, the brass, the Secret Service, the crowd of officials who had materialized to witness what should have been a private medical procedure.

Commander James J. Humes, chief pathologist, had performed hundreds of autopsies. None on gunshot victims. None on homicide cases. None that would be scrutinized by history.

He was not the most qualified man for this job. He was the man who had been ordered to do it.

NATIONAL NAVAL MEDICAL CENTER — BETHESDA, MARYLAND
AUTOPSY PROTOCOL — CASE A63-272
SUBJECT: Kennedy, John Fitzgerald
AGE: 46 years
DATE OF DEATH: 22 November 1963, 1:00 PM CST (Dallas)
AUTOPSY COMMENCED: 8:00 PM EST
PROSECTOR: CDR James J. Humes, MC, USN
ASSISTANT: CDR J. Thornton Boswell, MC, USN
CONSULTANT: LTC Pierre A. Finck, MC, USA (arrived 10:30 PM)

The gallery was full. This was the first anomaly. An autopsy is a medical procedure, not a performance. The room should have contained the pathologists, a technician, perhaps a law enforcement observer. Instead:

Curtis LeMay. The man who had wanted to bomb Cuba. The man who had called Kennedy's handling of the missile crisis "the greatest defeat in our history." The man who, according to multiple witnesses, sat in the gallery with a cigar clenched between his teeth, watching the autopsy like a man watching a problem being solved.

The smell of formaldehyde and cigar smoke. The hum of fluorescent lights. The sound of brass talking in low voices about matters that were not medical.
FBI AGENT SIBERT (in notes)
"General LeMay was in the gallery, smoking a cigar. I found it unusual that the Air Force Chief of Staff would attend an autopsy."
Why was LeMay there? He had no official role. No medical expertise. No investigative authority. He had only one thing: a motive. And here he was, watching, making sure the procedure reached the right conclusions. — CDJ
• • •
8:15 PM EST — EXAMINATION BEGINS

Commander Humes opened the body bag. And immediately, something was wrong.

The Dallas doctors had described a small entrance wound in the throat—used for a tracheotomy, now obscured. They had described a massive wound to the right rear of the skull—an exit wound, they assumed, from a shot fired from the front.

What Humes saw did not match what Dallas had described.

WOUND DESCRIPTIONS — COMPARISON
PARKLAND MEMORIAL (Dallas) — 12:38 PM

Head wound: Large defect, right occipital-parietal region (back-right of skull). Cerebellum visible. Exit wound consistent with frontal shot.

Throat wound: Small, round, approx. 3-5mm. Dr. Malcolm Perry described as "entrance wound" in press conference before being corrected.

Back wound: Not observed by Parkland staff (patient supine throughout).

BETHESDA NAVAL (Maryland) — 8:00 PM

Head wound: Large defect, right frontal-parietal region (front-right of skull). Location differs from Parkland description by approximately 4 inches.

Throat wound: Obscured by tracheotomy incision. Humes did not call Dallas to inquire about original wound until following morning.

Back wound: Small puncture, below shoulder blade. Probe would not pass through body. No exit wound found.

⚠ CRITICAL DISCREPANCY
The Parkland doctors, who worked on Kennedy while he was still alive, described the head wound in the occipital-parietal region (rear of skull). The Bethesda pathologists, working on the body hours later, described the wound in the frontal-parietal region (front of skull). These cannot both be correct. Either the wound moved, or one group of doctors was wrong—or one group was pressured to describe something other than what they saw.

Then there was the matter of the back wound. Humes probed it with his finger. The wound was shallow—it did not transit the body. There was no exit wound. The bullet, wherever it went, was not inside the corpse.

FBI AGENTS SIBERT & O'NEILL (report filed 11/26/63)
"This opening was probed by Dr. Humes with the finger, at which time it was determined that the trajectory of the missile entering at this point had entered at a downward position of 45 to 60 degrees. Further probing determined that the distance traveled by this missile was a short distance inasmuch as the end of the opening could be felt with the finger."

A bullet that entered the back, traveled downward, and stopped after a few inches. No exit wound. The bullet not in the body.

This was a problem. This did not fit a shot from the sixth floor of the Book Depository, traveling downward through the neck and exiting the throat. This suggested something else—a shot from a different angle, a different weapon, a different scenario.

10:30 PM EST — FINCK ARRIVES

Lieutenant Colonel Pierre Finck, the Army's forensic pathology consultant, arrived late. He was the only person in the room with actual experience in gunshot wound analysis. Years later, at the Clay Shaw trial in New Orleans, he would describe what he found:

FINCK (Shaw trial testimony, 1969)
"There were admirals and generals present. They were giving orders. I was told the family wanted the autopsy completed as quickly as possible. When I asked who was in charge, I was told 'the Admiral.'"
PROSECUTOR
"Who told you not to dissect the neck wound?"
FINCK
"I was told not to, but I can't remember by whom."
PROSECUTOR
"Was it one of the admirals or generals?"
FINCK
"I can't recall."
Finck couldn't recall who ordered him not to dissect the neck wound. In a murder investigation—the murder of a president—the pathologist was ordered not to examine a wound, and he couldn't remember who gave the order. This is not incompetence. This is control. — CDJ
• • •
11:00 PM EST — THE GALLERY SPEAKS

The procedure was being controlled. Not by the doctors, but by the uniforms in the gallery. Humes would later testify that he was given instructions. He could not say by whom. He was told to work quickly. He was told the family was waiting. He was told certain procedures were not necessary.

He did not dissect the back wound track.

He did not examine the brain in the manner protocol required.

He did not call Dallas to clarify the throat wound until the next morning—after the autopsy was complete.

And LeMay sat in the gallery, cigar glowing in the half-light, watching.

WITNESS (Navy technician, HSCA interview, 1977)
"There was a general with a cigar—I remember because you're not supposed to smoke in the morgue. He was watching the whole thing. A couple of times, one of the admirals would go talk to the doctors, then come back. It didn't feel like a medical procedure. It felt like something else."
The scratch of pencil on paper. The click of the photographer's shutter. The wet sound of instruments on flesh. And above it all, the murmur of brass conferring about what the doctors should find.
FOLLOWING MORNING — DESTRUCTION
On the morning of 23 November 1963, Commander Humes burned his original autopsy notes in his fireplace at home. He claimed they were stained with the President's blood and he did not want them to become "relics." The official autopsy report was rewritten from memory.

A homicide investigator who burns his notes has destroyed evidence. A pathologist who rewrites his report from memory has created a document that cannot be verified. This is not standard procedure. This is not any procedure. This is the behavior of a man who has been told what to conclude and needs to make sure his working notes don't contradict the final product.

CHAIN OF CUSTODY — CRITICAL EVIDENCE
22 NOV — PM Brain removed during autopsy, placed in formalin solution.
25 NOV Brain delivered to White House physician Admiral Burkley.
1965 Autopsy materials transferred to National Archives per Kennedy family agreement.
1966 Brain is missing from Archives. No record of transfer or destruction. Current location: UNKNOWN.

The brain—the single piece of evidence that could have definitively established the number, direction, and trajectory of shots to the head—disappeared. The official explanation: perhaps Robert Kennedy took it, to prevent it from becoming a morbid curiosity. Perhaps it was misplaced.

Perhaps.

QUESTIONS NOT ANSWERED
  • Why was the autopsy performed at a military hospital rather than by the Dallas medical examiner with jurisdiction?
  • Why was the Air Force Chief of Staff present in the gallery?
  • Who gave the orders that the pathologists followed but could not identify?
  • Why did the wound descriptions at Bethesda differ from Parkland?
  • Why was the neck wound not dissected?
  • Why did Humes burn his original notes?
  • Where is the brain?
• • •

The autopsy concluded at 11:00 PM. The bronze casket was closed. The body was prepared for burial. The Warren Commission would later accept the Bethesda findings without question, despite the discrepancies with Dallas, despite the burned notes, despite the missing brain, despite the testimony of doctors who admitted they were following orders they could not attribute.

And Curtis LeMay, the man who had wanted nuclear war, the man who had called the President a coward, walked out of the gallery and into the night, his cigar finally extinguished, having witnessed something he would never discuss publicly.

The body told a story. The autopsy told a different story. And the men in the gallery made sure that only one story would survive.

[AUTHOR'S NOTE: I spoke with a retired Navy corpsman who was present that night. He would not go on record. He said only this: "The doctors weren't in charge. The brass was in charge. And the brass had already decided what happened before we opened the bag. Our job was to make the medical evidence fit the conclusion." He paused, then added: "LeMay scared the hell out of everyone. He sat there like he was watching a football game. Like he already knew the final score." — CDJ]

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